Chemistry II, Nuclear Chemistry Worksheet Name: _____________________________ p. ____
1.
Explain
the difference between a nuclear change and a chemical change.
2.
Write
the equations for the decay of bismuth-209 AND uranium-240 by alpha
emission.
3.
Give
the definition of an isotope. Give an
example.
4.
Explain
and describe what a nuclear transmutation does within the nucleus.
5.
How
is it possible for an electron to be ejected from the nucleus? Write a generic equation showing this
occurring.
6.
What
happens (within the nucleus) when an electron is “captured” by the
nucleus? Write a generic equation
showing this occurring.
7.
Define:
Half life
8.
The
half-life of uranium-238 is 4.5 billion years and the ago of the Earth is 4.5 x
109 years. What fraction of
the uranium-238 that was present when Earth was formed still remains?
9.
Chromium-48
decays by b+ emission. After 6 half-lives, what fraction of the
original nuclei remains?
10.
A
medical institution requests 1 gram of bismuth-214, which has a half-life of 20
minutes. How many grams of bismuth-214
must be prepared if the shipping time is two hours?
11.
Why
is the maximum recommended level of radiation exposure lower for women of
childbearing age than for older women?
12.
Define:
Fission.
13.
Explain
what is needed for a chain reaction to occur.
Be sure to include “critical mass” within your explanation.
14.
How
much energy (joules) is released in a nuclear reaction if the mass loss is 3.75
x 10-4 grams?
15.
One
mole of thorium-233 decays by alpha emission to yield 3.3 x 103 kJ
of energy, How much energy is released
when 2 grams of thorium-233 decays?
(the nuclear mass of thorium-233 is 233.1643 grams / mole).
16. Describe the differences between somatic and genetic radiation.